Establishment of Soil and Water Conservation Districts.
“As a result of the economic and agricultural devastation of the dust storms of the 1920’s, Dr. Hugh Hammond Bennett, a North Carolina native, urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Congress to pass legislation in 1937 that led to national Soil Conservation initiatives and locally led conservation programs. That same year, the North Carolina General Assembly passed Chapter 139 of the NC General Statutes which allowed for Soil and Water Conservation Districts to be formed.
The Wake County Soil and Water Conservation District was initially part of the Neuse River Soil Conservation District, established March 22, 1939. Districts in NC at that time were established by watershed rather than jurisdictional boundaries and our District area encompassed Durham, Wilson, Orange, Johnston and Wake Counties. But in the 1960’s Districts in NC began splintering off into smaller “county-based” districts due to the diversity of program needs within the watersheds.” 1.
What Defines a Soil and Water District
“A Soil and Water Conservation District is a "governmental subdivision of this State, a public body corporate and politic, organized under the provisions of Chapter 139 of the General Statutes of the State of North Carolina, entitled Soil and Water Conservation Districts Law of North Carolina and is subject to the powers and restrictions set forth in NCGS 139."
Districts are the only government entity responsible for coordinating and carrying out a local natural resources conservation program. Through these Soil and Water Districts, farmers and other land users, institutions, and community groups can manage their own conservation programs. Soil and Water Conservation Districts must meet these guidelines:
- Legal subdivisions of state government, corporate and politic, with certificates of organization issued by the Secretary of State.
- Organized and operated under state law, NCGS 139.
- Organized by a vote of the people in the District to work for the conservation of soil, water, and other natural resources.
- Managed by Boards of Supervisors, a majority of whom are elected by the people in the District.
- Assisted by various federal and state agencies, organizations, and individuals.
Districts are responsible for local involvement with the Agriculture Cost Share Program for Non-point Source Pollution Control and especially in controlling sediment, nutrients, animal wastes, and pesticides. Districts look for opportunities to involve conservation education as part of professional education--including reaching teachers, administrators, churches, media, civic clubs, and Scouts.”2
1. Durham County website. https://www.dconc.gov/county-departments/departments-f-z/soil-water-conservation-district/history
2. Chatham County website. https://www.chathamcountync.gov/government/departments-programs-i-z/soil-water-conservation-district/history-of-soil-water-conservation-districts?locale=en